As you asked:
The original Sturmer Archer dynamo produced 6v, that was transformed up by 4:1 (close to the wheel) then transformed down to 6v by a second transformer (in the compressor chamber) rectified, smoothed and limited to charge the battery. A diode was included for when the battery was not charged.
The bulbs are SpeedyCaver specials with extra circuitry added to cope with variable volts and amps.