Any documents with the deeds to the property detailing the run of service mains? Might narrow your search down and make a dig more productive.
Failing that, search for manholes in the area which could link up and try to work out the line of the pipes/drains to see if you can zero in on it. Using drain rods can help you work out distances though this is difficult if the pipes have any bends in them.
Drastic measure could be:
Split area you think it is in into a metre squared grid.
Get a long thin (inch maximum) but blunt metal bar and 'tap' it through the debris 3 or 4 times in each square until you hit metal. This is risky especially if you are dealing with terracotta pipes.
You have probably thought of these already so I'll keep thinking.
Good luck, let us know how you get on.